Sunday, May 26, 2013

X- SAII-ACID,BASE & SALT - Q&A

1.      Define an acid?
An acid is a substance which gives H+ ion or hydronium ion , H3O+ in water, (when it disassociate) e.g HCl, H2SO4

2.      Define a base.
A base is a substance which gives OH- ion in water , ( when it disassociate) – NaOH, KOH etc.

3.      Name some natural indicators and some synthetic indicators.

Natural indicator: Litmus, turmeric, red cabbage leaves, Petunia, Geranium, Hydrangea etc
Synthetic indicator: Methyl orange, phenolphthalein etc.

4.      What are olfactory indicators?
These are the substances which have different smell (odour) in acidic and basic medium. Olfactory indicators can be used in the laboratory to test whether a solution is a base or an acid, a process called olfactory titration. Onion, clove oil and vanilla extract are examples.

5.      Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity?
When an acid is dissolved in water, ions become free to move and hence they can conduct electricity.

6.      What is "water of crystallisation"? 
The fixed number of water molecules present in one formula unit of a crystalline salt is called water of crystallisation, example : CuSO4.5H2

7.      What is the pH of human blood ? 
Human blood is slightly alkaline with a pH in the range of 7.2 to 7.4. 

8.      What do you understand by dilution of an acid or base? 
Dilution of an acid or base means mixing an acid or base with water to decrease the concentrations of ions (H+ in acids or OH- in bases) per unit volume. 

9.      What is Soda ash ? 
Soda ash is anhydrous sodium carbonate (Anhydrous - Without water molecule. Its formula is Na2CO3

10.  What are antacids? 
Antacids are weak bases which neutralise the excess acid in the stomach. Example of antacid is milk of magnesia (Mg(OH)2). .

11.  What is the chemical name of washing soda ? 
The chemical name of washing soda is sodium carbonate decahydrateNa2CO3.10H2O.
Sodium carbonate decahydrate is a hydrated form of soda ash, a common raw material used in numerous industrial processes. Also called washing soda, the compound is used to remove stubborn laundry stains today.

12.  Fresh milk has a pH of 6.How do you think the pH will change as it becomes sour? Explain your answer. 
pH will decrease as the milk becomes sour .It is because sour milk contains lactic acid.

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